Comparison of Nickel and Palladium

Attribute	Palladium ×	Nickel ×
Atomic mass (u)	106.42	58.693
Standard state	Solid	Solid
Oxidation states	+2 +3	+2 +3
Electron configuration	[Kr]4d¹⁰	[Ar]4s²3d⁸
Atomic radius (van der waals) (pm)	202	163
Electronegativity (pauling scale)	2.2	1.91
Electron affinity (eV)	0.557	1.156
Ionization energy (eV)	8.337	7.64
Boiling point (K)	3236	3186
Melting point (K)	1828.05	1728
Density (g/cm³)	12	8.912
Atomic number	46	28
Group name	Transition metal	Transition metal
Discovered (year)	1803	1751
Symbol	Pd	Ni