Comparison of Neodymium and Gadolinium

Attribute	Gadolinium ×	Neodymium ×
Standard state	Solid	Solid
Electron configuration	[Xe]6s²4f⁷5d¹	[Xe]6s²4f⁴
Atomic mass (u)	157.2	144.24
Electronegativity (pauling scale)	1.2	1.14
Oxidation states	+3	+3
Ionization energy (eV)	6.15	5.525
Atomic radius (van der waals) (pm)	237	229
Boiling point (K)	3546	3347
Melting point (K)	1586	1294
Density (g/cm³)	7.9	7.01
Atomic number	64	60
Group name	Lanthanide	Lanthanide
Discovered (year)	1880	1885
Symbol	Gd	Nd