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Aliases: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic

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Object «Turkmenistan» has attributes

Attribute Value
Geography
Area 488,100 km²
Continent Asia
Land area 469,930 km²
Water area 18,170 km²
Land boundaries 4,158 km
Border countries
  • Afghanistan
  • Iran
  • Kazakhstan
  • Uzbekistan
Coastline 0 km
Mean elevation 230 m
Lowest point -81 m
Highest point 3,139 m
People
Population 5,528,627
Official languages
  • Turkmen
Religion Muslim
Government
Long country name Add
Short country name Turkmenistan
Long local name Add
Short local name Turkmenistan
Former name
  • Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic
Government type Presidential republic
Capital Ashgabat
Economy
GDP (PPP) 103,700,000,000 USD
GDP (OER) 37,930,000,000 USD
GDP (real growth rate) 6.5 %
GDP - per capita (PPP) 18,200 USD
Gross national saving 23.9 % of GDP
Labor force 2,305,000
Unemployment rate 11 %
Population below poverty line 0.2 %
Budget revenues 5,657,000,000 USD
Budget expenditures 6,714,000,000 USD
Military expenditures Add
Taxes and other revenues 14.9 % of GDP
Budget surplus or deficit -2.8 % of GDP
Public debt 28.8 % of GDP
Inflation rate 8 %
Central bank discount rate 5 %
Commercial bank prime lending rate 19 %
Stock of narrow money 1,326,000,000 USD
Stock of broad money 12,230,000,000 USD
Stock of domestic credit 28,400,000,000 USD
Market value of publicly traded shares Add
Current account balance -4,359,000,000 USD
Exports 7,458,000,000 USD
Imports 4,571,000,000 USD
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 24,910,000,000 USD
External debt 539,400,000 USD
National currency Turkmenistani manat
National currency (code) TMM
National currency (symbol) Add
National currency rate to USD 4.125

Present-day Turkmenistan covers territory that has been at the crossroads of civilizations for centuries. The area was ruled in antiquity by various Persian empires, and was conquered by Alexander the Great, Muslim armies, the Mongols, Turkic warriors, and eventually the Russians. In medieval times, Merv (located in present-day Mary province) was one of the great cities of the Islamic world and an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed by Russia in the late 1800s, Turkmenistan later figured prominently in the anti-Bolshevik movement in Central Asia. In 1924, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic; it achieved independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves, which have yet to be fully exploited, have begun to transform the country. In 2010, new gas export pipelines that carry Turkmenistani gas to China and to northern Iran began operating, effectively ending the Russian monopoly on Turkmenistani gas exports. In 2016 and 2017, Turkmenistani sales of natural gas were halted to Russia and Iran, respectively, making China the sole major buyer of Turkmenistani gas. As of April 2019, there are plans to renew gas exports to Russia. President for Life Saparmyrat NYYAZOW died in December 2006, and Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW, a deputy chairman under NYYAZOW, emerged as the country's new president. BERDIMUHAMEDOW won Turkmenistan's first multi-candidate presidential election in February 2007, and again in 2012 and in 2017 with over 97% of the vote in both instances, in elections widely regarded as undemocratic.

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There was one edit, no edits waiting approval. Last edited by romaguera.shemar(9697), Sep 16, 2019 (57 fields were changed)
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